新手学习Python笔记（二）劳拉下棋四连环重力四子棋（包括代码以及判定细则）Xxy605的博客-

新手学习Python笔记（二）劳拉下棋

新手学习Python，写第一个Python小游戏——四连环（重力四子棋）

游戏规则如下：

棋盘为8*6

玩家输入列号与电脑下四子棋，棋会随着重力下降

胜利方式是一行/一列/左右斜线连四颗棋子

分析：

拆分成了这几个部分，用自定义函数封装，便于修改：
·初始化
·棋盘显示
·玩家输入
·游戏运行
·判断胜利

引用库：random

第一部分：初始化

def init(): global board   #棋盘，二维列表 global rest_num   #每一列剩余棋子数，一维整型列表 global a    #先手判定，整型 global reminded_line #未被填满列的记录，一维整型列表 global symbol0   #执棋方记录1，字典 global symbol1   #执棋方记录2，字典      symbol1 = { "O": "玩家", "X": "电脑" }      symbol0 = { "X": "玩家", "O": "电脑" }       a = random.randint(0,2)     reminded_line = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]      board = [["-"] * 8 for i in range(6)]     rest_num = [6 for i in range(8)]      show(board) 

这里初始化定义了一些之后用得到的变量

第二部分：棋盘显示

def show(board): for i in range(6): for j in range(8): print(board[i][j],end=" ") print() 

用索引下标的方式遍历棋盘并打印

第三部分：玩家输入

def playerInput(rest_num): while True:         inp = int(input()) - 1 #注意：列表起始于list[0] if inp in range(0,8): #符合8列 if rest_num[inp] > 0: #该列有空余 return inp             else: print("输入错误") else: print("输入错误") 

输入用While True循环，直到输入正确
要判定输入的列号是否在1-8列内，且该列有空余！

第四部分：运行

先后手问题在主函数内用 if 判断初始化内全局变量a来执行不同顺序

四子棋的前三个回合不会分出胜负，因此拆分成前三个回合和剩余回合
这里可以算多此一举吧，前三次只是少了判断胜负
用 round3_0、round4_0 和 round3_1、round4_1 区分

游戏运行使用for次数循环，胜利提前结束即可

def round3_0():     round_cout = 0 #回合计数 for i in range(3):         round_cout += 1 #回合+1 print("n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("n电脑") #常规的面板绘制 #电脑下棋的列号  #这里用从列表随机是为了不会出现该列已满无法下棋的情况         robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0] #电脑下棋的行号，记得要-1 #因为重力下落，这里行号就是空余数量-1         robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1 #电脑下棋          board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O" #该列剩余-1         rest_num[robot_line] -= 1          show(board) #显示棋盘 print("n轮到你了：")          player_line = playerInput(rest_num)         player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1          board[player_height][player_line] = "X"          rest_num[player_line] -= 1          show(board) def round3_1(): #同上，只是先后手顺序改变     round_cout = 0 for i in range(3):         round_cout += 1 print("n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("n轮到你了：")          player_line = playerInput(rest_num)         player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1          board[player_height][player_line] = "O"          rest_num[player_line] -= 1          show(board) print("n电脑")          robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]         robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1          board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X"          rest_num[robot_line] -= 1          show(board) def round4_0():     round_cout = 3 #回合计数 for i in range(3,24): #共48个棋子，24个回合         round_cout += 1 print("n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("n电脑")          robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]         robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1          board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O"          rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 #如果该列已满，则在剩余列编号列表中移除，排除随机到该列 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:             reminded_line.remove(robot_line)          show(board) #！胜负判定！         IsWinning(board,"O",symbol0) print("n轮到你了：")          player_line = playerInput(rest_num)         player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1          board[player_height][player_line] = "X"          rest_num[player_line] -= 1 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:             reminded_line.remove(robot_line)          show(board)          IsWinning(board, "X", symbol0) print("平局！") #最后分不出胜负就是平局 def round4_1():     round_cout = 3 for i in range(3, 24):         round_cout += 1 print("n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("n轮到你了：")          player_line = playerInput(rest_num)         player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1          board[player_height][player_line] = "O"          rest_num[player_line] -= 1 if rest_num[player_line] == 0:             reminded_line.remove(player_line)          show(board)          IsWinning(board, "O", symbol1) print("n电脑")          robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]         robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1          board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X"          rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:             reminded_line.remove(robot_line)          show(board)          IsWinning(board, "X", symbol1) print("平局！") 

第五部分：胜利判断
（包含详细解释判定条件）

胜利有四种情况：横4、竖4、左斜4、右斜4
因此继续封装成两种形式：直线、斜线进行判定

因为左斜和右斜是关于棋盘左右对称的
这里board_s就是对称棋盘
用 [::-1] 进行倒序

传入三个参数：棋盘、棋子类型（X/O）、执棋方记录

def IsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol):     rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol)      leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol)      board_s = [] for i in board:         board_s.append(i[::-1]) #左右对称      leftSlashIsWinning(board_s, chess_type, symbol) 

========
直线判定：

def rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol): #竖4 for line_no in range(8): for height_no in range(3): if board[height_no][line_no] ==                  board[height_no + 1][line_no] ==                  board[height_no + 2][line_no] ==                  board[height_no + 3][line_no] ==                  chess_type: print("n游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])                 exit(0) #横4 for height_no in range(6): for line_no in range(5): if board[height_no][line_no] ==                  board[height_no][line_no + 1] ==                  board[height_no][line_no + 2] ==                  board[height_no][line_no + 3] ==                  chess_type: print("n游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])                 exit(0) 

首先下标索引遍历每一列
然后在每一列判定是否包含4个相同棋子
每一列得到前三行的棋子，之后再通过列下标不变。行下表递增判断

横4的判断同理

========
难点
斜线判定：

斜线分左斜和右斜，左右是对称的，因此只用一种方法而将另一种判定换成将棋盘对称的操作

棋盘也是关于对角线可以对称的，也可以左右 + 对角线对称，从而转换成一种判定方式（棋盘左对角线左方左斜的情况），对棋盘操作统统化成一种

以下以左斜线判定为例子：

蓝色部分无法构成斜线，无需考虑

斜线有一个重要性质：坐标行号列号均相差正整数

因此只需要表示出下方绿色区域的棋子坐标就可以表示所有斜线：
（还有一种特殊情况）

只要循环表示出绿色区域内的坐标 通过行列递增即可表示斜线：

对于左上区域的坐标可以发现：
行号是1-3，而列号是1 ~ 行号
对于右下区域：
行号是4-6，列号是（行号+2） ~ 8

因此可以使用嵌套for循环表示

def leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol): #表示左上绿色部分 for init_height in range(3): for init_line in range(init_height + 1): if board[init_height][init_line] ==                  board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] ==                  board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] ==                  board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] ==                  chess_type: print("n游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])                 exit(0) #表示右下绿色部分 for init_height in range(3,6): for init_line in range(init_height+2,8): if board[init_height][init_line] ==                  board[init_height - 1][init_line - 1] ==                  board[init_height - 2][init_line - 2] ==                  board[init_height - 3][init_line - 3] ==                  chess_type: print("n游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])                 exit(0) #中间特殊情况 for init_height in range(3):         init_line = init_height +1 if board[init_height][init_line] ==              board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] ==              board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] ==              board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] ==              chess_type: print("n游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])             exit(0) 

完整代码：

import random  def init(): global board     global rest_num     global a     global reminded_line     global symbol0     global symbol1      symbol1 = { "O": "玩家", "X": "电脑" }      symbol0 = { "X": "玩家", "O": "电脑" }       a = random.randint(0,2)     reminded_line = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]      board = [["-"] * 8 for i in range(6)]     rest_num = [6 for i in range(8)]      show(board) def show(board): for i in range(6): for j in range(8): print(board[i][j],end=" ") print() def IsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol):     rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol)      leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol)      board_s = [] for i in board:         board_s.append(i[::-1])      leftSlashIsWinning(board_s, chess_type, symbol) def rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol): for line_no in range(8): for height_no in range(3): if board[height_no][line_no] ==                  board[height_no + 1][line_no] ==                  board[height_no + 2][line_no] ==                  board[height_no + 3][line_no] ==                  chess_type: print("n游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])                 exit(0) for height_no in range(6): for line_no in range(5): if board[height_no][line_no] ==                  board[height_no][line_no + 1] ==                  board[height_no][line_no + 2] ==                  board[height_no][line_no + 3] ==                  chess_type: print("n游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])                 exit(0) def leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol): for init_height in range(3): for init_line in range(init_height + 1): if board[init_height][init_line] ==                  board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] ==                  board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] ==                  board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] ==                  chess_type: print("n游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])                 exit(0) for init_height in range(3,6): for init_line in range(init_height+2,8): if board[init_height][init_line] ==                  board[init_height - 1][init_line - 1] ==                  board[init_height - 2][init_line - 2] ==                  board[init_height - 3][init_line - 3] ==                  chess_type: print("n游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])                 exit(0) for init_height in range(3):         init_line = init_height +1 if board[init_height][init_line] ==              board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] ==              board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] ==              board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] ==              chess_type: print("n游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])             exit(0) def playerInput(rest_num): while True:         inp = int(input()) - 1 if inp in range(0,8): if rest_num[inp] > 0: return inp             else: print("输入错误") else: print("输入错误") def round3_0():     round_cout = 0 for i in range(3):         round_cout += 1 print("n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("n电脑")          robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]         robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1          board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O"          rest_num[robot_line] -= 1          show(board) print("n轮到你了：")          player_line = playerInput(rest_num)         player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1          board[player_height][player_line] = "X"          rest_num[player_line] -= 1          show(board) def round3_1():     round_cout = 0 for i in range(3):         round_cout += 1 print("n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("n轮到你了：")          player_line = playerInput(rest_num)         player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1          board[player_height][player_line] = "O"          rest_num[player_line] -= 1          show(board) print("n电脑")          robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]         robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1          board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X"          rest_num[robot_line] -= 1          show(board) def round4_0():     round_cout = 3 for i in range(3,24):         round_cout += 1 print("n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("n电脑")          robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]         robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1          board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O"          rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:             reminded_line.remove(robot_line)          show(board)          IsWinning(board,"O",symbol0) print("n轮到你了：")          player_line = playerInput(rest_num)         player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1          board[player_height][player_line] = "X"          rest_num[player_line] -= 1 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:             reminded_line.remove(robot_line)          show(board)          IsWinning(board, "X", symbol0) print("平局！") def round4_1():     round_cout = 3 for i in range(3, 24):         round_cout += 1 print("n===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===") print("n轮到你了：")          player_line = playerInput(rest_num)         player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1          board[player_height][player_line] = "O"          rest_num[player_line] -= 1 if rest_num[player_line] == 0:             reminded_line.remove(player_line)          show(board)          IsWinning(board, "O", symbol1) print("n电脑")          robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]         robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1          board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X"          rest_num[robot_line] -= 1 if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:             reminded_line.remove(robot_line)          show(board)          IsWinning(board, "X", symbol1) print("平局！") if __name__ == "__main__":     init() if a == 1:         round3_1()         round4_1() else:         round3_0()         round4_0() 

游戏截图：

完
如果有更好的方法欢迎在评论区指出
谢谢阅读