研究生初试录取系统c++bdonsir的博客-

一个学期过去了，网课划水一时爽，一直划水一直爽，话不多说，来写写这学期的课程设计吧！

问题描述

研究生考试课程为 4 门，其中数学、外语、政 治为统一命题，而专业基础课则 根据不同的专业由招生学校自行命题。国家对初试录取分数有总分要求（如某一年 要求 4 门课总分应达到 310 分），另外还有对每门课的最低分数要求（如总分为 100 的试卷最低应达到 40 分，总分为 150 的试卷最低应达到 65 分）。编程统计初试合 格的人数，并按总分由高到低的顺序输出合格考生的信息。

基本要求

程序运行时首先要求输入：考生姓名，准考证号，报考专业，是否应届生，4 门课程（政治、数 学、外语、专业基础课）成绩。这些原始数据应保存到一个文件中。 然后输入：录取的总分要求，各课程的最低分数要求。 输出要求：过线考生的姓名，准考证号，报考专业，是否应届生，4 门课程（政治、数学、外语、专 业基础课）成绩及总分，这些信息应存放到另一个文件中。

测试数据

程序应输入不少于 10 名考生的信息，其中应届生和历届生分别有若干名，并且都有合格和不合 格的情况。

方案思路

person类为基类，拥有姓名、性别、年龄三个保护数据成员，student类公有继承person类，且增加了报考专业、考号、是否应届及政治成绩、数学成绩、英语成绩、专业课成绩七个私有数据成员。standard类拥有各科及总成绩分数线要求作为私有成员，student类作为standard类的友元类，可访问standard的数据，便于完成考生成绩与分数线的比较。文件1保存所有输入的考生信息，文件2保存成绩合格的考生信息，文件3保存成绩不合格的考生信息。主菜单下除了基本的输入考生和分数线外，还包含两个二级菜单，分别为排序和输出，二级菜单排序里分5种规则排序，输出分两种，一个是过线考生，另一个是未过线考生且程序可以在各个菜单之间自由切换。

设计代码

// students.h 

#pragma once #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <iostream> #include <string> #include "standard.h" using namespace std; //基类，保存person的姓名，性别，年龄 class person { protected:  string name;//姓名  string sex;//性别  int age;//年龄 public: //带默认参数构造函数 person(string str1 = " ", string str2 = " ", int num = 0) {   name = str1;   sex = str2;   age = num; } }; //派生类，公有继承person类，保存student相关信息 class student :public person { private:  string major;//专业  string id;//考号  string current;//是否应届  int polity;//政治  int math;//数学  int english;//英语  int curscore;//专业课 public: //带默认参数的构造函数 student(string name1 = " ", string sex1 = " ", int age1 = 0, string major1 = " ", string id1 = " ", string current1 = " ", int polity1 = 0, int math1 = 0, int english1 = 0, int curscore1 = 0) :person(name1, sex1, age1) {   major = major1;   id = id1;   current = current1;   polity = polity1;   math = math1;   english = english1;   curscore = curscore1; } //输入类成员信息 void input(string name1, string sex1, int age1, string major1, string id1, string current1, int polity1, int math1, int english1, int curscore1); //输出类成员信息 void output(); //计算总成绩  int Sum() {   int result = polity + math + english + curscore; return result; } //判断是否达标，达标返回1,否则返回0  int IsOk(standard& obj); //写入文件1，保存所有学生的信息，成绩 void intofile1(); //写入文件2 void intofile2(); //写入文件2 void intofile3(); //重载输出运算符  friend ostream& operator << (ostream& os, student& p) {   os << "姓名：" << p.name << "t性别：" << p.sex << "t年龄：" << p.age << "t专业：" << p.major << "t考号：" << p.id << "t是否应届：" << p.current << "n政治：" << p.polity << "t数学：" << p.math << "t英语：" << p.english << "专业课：" << p.curscore <<"t总成绩：" <<p.Sum()<<endl; return os; } //获取私有成员  int Getp() { return polity; }  int Getm() { return math; }  int Gete() { return english; }  int Getc() { return curscore; } //排序函数  friend void Rank1(student arr[], int m);  friend void Rank2(student arr[], int m);  friend void Rank3(student arr[], int m);  friend void Rank4(student arr[], int m);  friend void Rank5(student arr[], int m); }; 

// students.cpp 

#include <fstream>//处理文件 #include <iostream> #include <iomanip>//包含格式化I/O操作算子 #include <string> #include "students.h" using namespace std; //student类成员 //输入类成员信息 void student::input(string name1, string sex1, int age1, string major1, string id1, string current1, int polity1, int math1, int english1, int curscore1) {  name = name1;  sex = sex1;  age = age1;  major = major1;  id = id1;  current = current1;  polity = polity1;  math = math1;  english = english1;  curscore = curscore1; } //输出类成员信息 void student::output() {  cout << "姓名：" << name << endl;  cout << "性别：" << sex << endl;  cout << "年龄：" << age << endl;  cout << "报考专业：" << major << endl;  cout << "准考证号：" << id << endl;  cout << "是否应届生：" << current << endl;  cout << "政治成绩：" << polity << endl;  cout << "数学成绩：" << math << endl;  cout << "英语成绩：" << english << endl;  cout << "专业基础课成绩：" << curscore << endl;  cout << "总成绩：" << Sum() << endl; } //判断是否达标，达标返回1,否则返回0 int student::IsOk(standard& obj) {  int result = 0; //判断是否合格 if (Sum() >= obj.sum_line   && polity >= obj.polity_line   && math >= obj.math_line   && english >= obj.english_line   && curscore >= obj.curscore_line) {   result = 1; } return result; } //将类成员写入文件1 void student::intofile1() {  ofstream out;//文件输出流对象，用于写文件  out.open("text1.txt", ios_base::app);//打开文件，每次写入前寻位到流结尾  out << name;  out << "t";//水平制表符  out << sex;  out << "t";  out << age;  out << "t";  out << major;  out << "t";  out << id;  out << "t";  out << current;  out << "t";  out << polity;  out << "t";  out << math;  out << "t";  out << english;  out << "t";  out << curscore << setw(9);//设置域宽  out.close(); } //将类成员写入文件2 void student::intofile2() {  ofstream out;//文件输出流对象，用于写文件  out.open("text2.txt", ios_base::app);//打开文件，每次写入前寻位到流结尾  out << name;  out << "t";//水平制表符  out << sex;  out << "t";  out << age;  out << "t";  out << major;  out << "t";  out << id;  out << "t";  out << current;  out << "t";  out << polity;  out << "t";  out << math;  out << "t";  out << english;  out << "t";  out << curscore << setw(9);//设置域宽  out.close(); } //将类成员写入文件2 void student::intofile3() {  ofstream out;//文件输出流对象，用于写文件  out.open("text3.txt", ios_base::app);//打开文件，每次写入前寻位到流结尾  out << name;  out << "t";//水平制表符  out << sex;  out << "t";  out << age;  out << "t";  out << major;  out << "t";  out << id;  out << "t";  out << current;  out << "t";  out << polity;  out << "t";  out << math;  out << "t";  out << english;  out << "t";  out << curscore << setw(9);//设置域宽  out.close(); } //按总成绩排序 void Rank1(student arr[], int m) {  int i = 0, j = 0;  student tmp; //由高到低排序 for (i = 0; i < m - 1; i++) { for (j = i + 1; j < m; j++) { if (arr[i].Sum() < arr[m].Sum()) {     tmp = arr[i];     arr[i] = arr[m];     arr[m] = tmp; } } } } //按政治成绩排序 void Rank2(student arr[], int m) {  int i = 0, j = 0;  student tmp; //由高到低排序 for (i = 0; i < m - 1; i++) { for (j = i + 1; j < m; j++) { if (arr[i].Getp() < arr[m].Getp()) {     tmp = arr[i];     arr[i] = arr[m];     arr[m] = tmp; } } } } //按数学成绩排序 void Rank3(student arr[], int m) {  int i = 0, j = 0;  student tmp; //由高到低排序 for (i = 0; i < m - 1; i++) { for (j = i + 1; j < m; j++) { if (arr[i].Getm() < arr[m].Getm()) {     tmp = arr[i];     arr[i] = arr[m];     arr[m] = tmp; } } } } //按英语成绩排序 void Rank4(student arr[], int m) {  int i = 0, j = 0;  student tmp; //由高到低排序 for (i = 0; i < m - 1; i++) { for (j = i + 1; j < m; j++) { if (arr[i].Gete() < arr[m].Gete()) {     tmp = arr[i];     arr[i] = arr[m];     arr[m] = tmp; } } } } //按专业课成绩排序 void Rank5(student arr[], int m) {  int i = 0, j = 0;  student tmp; //由高到低排序 for (i = 0; i < m - 1; i++) { for (j = i + 1; j < m; j++) { if (arr[i].Getc() < arr[m].Getc()) {     tmp = arr[i];     arr[i] = arr[m];     arr[m] = tmp; } } } } 

// standard.h 

#pragma once #include <iostream> using namespace std; //录取总分及各科最低分数标准 class standard { private: //总分100的试卷最低应达到40分，总分150的试卷最低应达到65  int sum_line;//总分线  int polity_line;//政治线  int math_line;//数学线  int english_line;//英语线  int curscore_line;//专业课线 public: //带默认参数的构造函数 standard(int su1 = 310, int po1 = 40, int ma1 = 65, int en1 = 40, int cu1 = 65) {   sum_line = su1;   polity_line = po1;   math_line = ma1;   english_line = en1;   curscore_line = cu1; } //输入函数 void input(int su1, int po1, int ma1, int en1, int cu1) {   sum_line = su1;   polity_line = po1;   math_line = ma1;   english_line = en1;   curscore_line = cu1; }   friend class student;//定义student类为standard类的友元 }; 

// main.cpp 

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> #include "standard.h" #include "students.h" using namespace std; void Inputting1() {  student* network;  string name;  string sex;  int age;  string major;  string id;  string current;  int polity;  int math;  int english;  int curscore;  int choice = 0;  int i = 0; //申请内存空间  network = new student[20]; while (1) {   cout << "您正在输入第 " << i + 1 << " 位学生信息n" << endl;   cout << "  姓名："; cin >> name; cout << endl;   cout << "  性别："; cin >> sex; cout << endl;   cout << "  年龄："; cin >> age; cout << endl;   cout << "  报考专业："; cin >> major; cout << endl;   cout << "  准考证号："; cin >> id; cout << endl;   cout << "  是否应届生："; cin >> current; cout << endl;   cout << "  政治成绩："; cin >> polity; cout << endl;   cout << "  数学成绩："; cin >> math; cout << endl;   cout << "  英语成绩："; cin >> english; cout << endl;   cout << "  专业基础课成绩："; cin >> curscore; cout << endl; //输入数据   network[i].input(name, sex, age, major, id, current, polity, math, english, curscore); //写入文件   network[i].intofile1(); //控制循环是否继续   cout << "是否继续? 0/1  "; cin >> choice;   i++; system("cls");//清屏 if (choice == 0) { break; } } } void Inputting2() { //用于输入分数要求  standard R;  int sum;  int polity;  int math;  int english;  int curscore;   string name;  string sex;  int age;  string major;  string id;  string current;  int polity1;  int math1;  int english1;  int curscore1;  student aginst;  cout << "请输入：总成绩，政治，数学，英语，专业基础课的标准:n";  cin >> sum >> polity >> math >> english >> curscore;  ofstream de1("text2.txt", ios_base::trunc);//如果文件存在，清空文件内容  de1.close();  ofstream de2("text3.txt", ios_base::trunc);//如果文件存在，清空文件内容  de2.close(); R.input(sum, polity, math, english, curscore);  ifstream is("text1.txt", ios_base::in | ios_base::binary); while (!is.eof()) {   is >> name;   is >> sex;   is >> age;   is >> major;   is >> id;   is >> current;   is >> polity1;   is >> math1;   is >> english1;   is >> curscore1;   aginst.input(name, sex, age, major, id, current, polity1, math1, english1, curscore1); if (aginst.IsOk(R) == 1) {//将过线学生保存到“text2.txt” //aginst.output();    aginst.intofile2(); } else {    aginst.intofile3(); } }  is.close(); } void See1() {  string name;  string sex;  int age;  string major;  string id;  string current;  int polity;  int math;  int english;  int curscore;  student* aginst;  int i = 0;  aginst = new student[20];  ifstream in("text2.txt", ios_base::in);//为读打开 while (!in.eof()) { in >> name; in >> sex; in >> age; in >> major; in >> id; in >> current; in >> polity; in >> math; in >> english; in >> curscore;   aginst[i].input(name, sex, age, major, id, current, polity, math, english, curscore);   i += 1; /* if(out.eof()==0){    break;   }   */ } Rank1(aginst, i-1);  cout << endl; for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) {   cout << aginst[k] << endl; } in.close(); } void See2() {  string name;  string sex;  int age;  string major;  string id;  string current;  int polity;  int math;  int english;  int curscore;  student* aginst;  int i = 0;  aginst = new student[20];  ifstream in("text2.txt", ios_base::in);//为读打开 while (!in.eof()) { in >> name; in >> sex; in >> age; in >> major; in >> id; in >> current; in >> polity; in >> math; in >> english; in >> curscore;   aginst[i].input(name, sex, age, major, id, current, polity, math, english, curscore);   i += 1; /* if(out.eof()==0){    break;   }   */ } Rank2(aginst, i - 1);  cout << endl; for (int k = 0; k < i - 1; k++) {   cout << aginst[k] << endl; } in.close(); } void See3() {  string name;  string sex;  int age;  string major;  string id;  string current;  int polity;  int math;  int english;  int curscore;  student* aginst;  int i = 0;  aginst = new student[20];  ifstream in("text2.txt", ios_base::in);//为读打开 while (!in.eof()) { in >> name; in >> sex; in >> age; in >> major; in >> id; in >> current; in >> polity; in >> math; in >> english; in >> curscore;   aginst[i].input(name, sex, age, major, id, current, polity, math, english, curscore);   i += 1; /* if(out.eof()==0){    break;   }   */ } Rank3(aginst, i - 1);  cout << endl; for (int k = 0; k < i - 1; k++) {   cout << aginst[k] << endl; } in.close(); } void See4() {  string name;  string sex;  int age;  string major;  string id;  string current;  int polity;  int math;  int english;  int curscore;  student* aginst;  int i = 0;  aginst = new student[20];  ifstream in("text2.txt", ios_base::in);//为读打开 while (!in.eof()) { in >> name; in >> sex; in >> age; in >> major; in >> id; in >> current; in >> polity; in >> math; in >> english; in >> curscore;   aginst[i].input(name, sex, age, major, id, current, polity, math, english, curscore);   i += 1; /* if(out.eof()==0){    break;   }   */ } Rank4(aginst, i - 1);  cout << endl; for (int k = 0; k < i - 1; k++) {   cout << aginst[k] << endl; } in.close(); } void See5() {  string name;  string sex;  int age;  string major;  string id;  string current;  int polity;  int math;  int english;  int curscore;  student* aginst;  int i = 0;  aginst = new student[20];  ifstream in("text2.txt", ios_base::in);//为读打开 while (!in.eof()) { in >> name; in >> sex; in >> age; in >> major; in >> id; in >> current; in >> polity; in >> math; in >> english; in >> curscore;   aginst[i].input(name, sex, age, major, id, current, polity, math, english, curscore);   i += 1; /* if(out.eof()==0){    break;   }   */ } Rank5(aginst, i - 1);  cout << endl; for (int k = 0; k < i - 1; k++) {   cout << aginst[k] << endl; } in.close(); } void Seefile2() {  string name;  string sex;  int age;  string major;  string id;  string current;  int polity;  int math;  int english;  int curscore;  student* aginst;  int i = 0;  aginst = new student[20];  ifstream in("text2.txt", ios_base::in);//为读打开 while (!in.eof()) { in >> name; in >> sex; in >> age; in >> major; in >> id; in >> current; in >> polity; in >> math; in >> english; in >> curscore;   aginst[i].input(name, sex, age, major, id, current, polity, math, english, curscore);   i += 1; /* if(out.eof()==0){    break;   }   */ } Rank1(aginst, i - 1);  cout << endl; for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) {   cout << aginst[k] << endl; } in.close(); } void Seefile3() {  string name;  string sex;  int age;  string major;  string id;  string current;  int polity;  int math;  int english;  int curscore;  student* aginst;  int i = 0;  aginst = new student[20];  ifstream in("text3.txt", ios_base::in);//为读打开 while (!in.eof()) { in >> name; in >> sex; in >> age; in >> major; in >> id; in >> current; in >> polity; in >> math; in >> english; in >> curscore;   aginst[i].input(name, sex, age, major, id, current, polity, math, english, curscore);   i += 1; /* if(out.eof()==0){    break;   }   */ } Rank1(aginst, i-1);  cout << endl; for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) {   cout << aginst[k] << endl; } in.close(); } int main() { breakhere1: breakhere2:  int choice1, choice2;//控制选项 do {   cout << endl;   cout << "****欢迎使用研究生初试录取系统****" << endl;   cout << endl;   cout << "t请选择所需功能:" << endl;   cout << endl;   cout << "t1.输入学生初始信息" << endl;   cout << endl;   cout << "t2.输入当年分数要求" << endl;   cout << endl;   cout << "t3.排序考生信息" << endl;   cout << endl;   cout << "t4.输出考生信息" << endl;   cout << endl;   cout << "**********************************" << endl;   cout << "n请您输入：";   cin >> choice1; switch (choice1) { case 1: system("cls"); Inputting1();//输入学生初始信息 break; case 2: system("cls"); Inputting2();//输入分数线 break; case 3: system("cls");    int num1,num2; do {     cout << "********************" << endl;     cout << endl;     cout << "1.按总成绩排序查看" << endl;     cout << endl;     cout << "2.按政治成绩排序查看" << endl;     cout << endl;     cout << "3.按数学成绩排序查看" << endl;     cout << endl;     cout << "4.按英语成绩排序查看" << endl;     cout << endl;     cout << "5.按专业课成绩排序查看" << endl;     cout << endl;     cout << "6.返回" << endl;     cout << "********************" << endl;     cout << "n请您输入：";     cin >> num1; switch (num1) { case 1: system("cls"); See1(); break; case 2: system("cls"); See2(); break; case 3: system("cls"); See3(); break; case 4: system("cls"); See4(); break; case 5: system("cls"); See5(); break; case 6: system("cls");      goto breakhere1; default: break; }     cout << endl;     cout << "***返回上级菜单请按 0 !***" << endl;     cout << "n请您输入：";     cin >> num2; } while (num2 == 0); break; case 4: system("cls");    int num3, num4; do { system("cls");     cout << "********************" << endl;     cout << endl;     cout << "1.输出过线考生" << endl;     cout << endl;     cout << "2.输出未过线考生" << endl;     cout << endl;     cout << "3.返回" << endl;     cout << "********************" << endl;     cout << "n请您输入：";     cin >> num3; switch (num3) { case 1: system("cls"); Seefile2(); break; case 2: system("cls"); Seefile3(); break; case 3: system("cls");      goto breakhere2; default: break; }     cout << endl;     cout << "***返回上级菜单请按 0 !***" << endl;     cout << "t请您输入：";     cin >> num4; } while (num4 == 0); default: break; }   cout << endl;   cout << "***返回上级菜单请按 0 !***" << endl;   cout << "n请您输入：";   cin >> choice2; system("cls"); } while (choice2 == 0); return 0; } 

总结

好啦，程序就介绍到这里，给大家看看运行的截图！

That’s all.