Python妙用：制作小游戏-坦克大战码农-Vax天道的时间宝藏-

小时候玩的“坦克大战”，你还记得吗？

环境依赖

• python3.7

• pygame1.9.6

• urllib

• 内置库，如random、sys、time、os等

pygame介绍

Pygame被设计用来写游戏的python模块集合，基于SDL库开发。使用python可以导入pygame来开发具有全部特性的游戏和多媒体软件，Pygame是极度轻便的并且可以运行在几乎所有的平台和操作系统上。

1. 导入依赖 & 通用配置

 import random import sys import time from urllib.request import urlretrieve import os import pygame  SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT = 1200, 700  # 画面大小 MY_BIRTH_LEFT, MY_BIRTH_TOP = SCREEN_WIDTH / 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - 60 DIRECTION = [U, D, L, R] = [ U ,  D ,  L ,  R ]  # 控制键 Tank_IMAGE_POSITION = r D:/tank_img URL =  https://gitee.com/tyoui/logo/raw/master/img/

 2. 通用加载函数

 # 加载图片 def load_img(name_img):     save = Tank_IMAGE_POSITION + os.sep + name_img +  .gif     if not os.path.exists(save):         urlretrieve(URL + name_img +  .gif , save)     return pygame.image.load(save)  # 加载背景音乐 def load_music(name_music):     save = Tank_IMAGE_POSITION + os.sep + name_music +  .wav     if not os.path.exists(save):         urlretrieve(URL + name_music +  .wav , save)     pygame.mixer.music.load(save)     pygame.mixer.music.play()

3. 通用基础类

 * pygame.sprite模块，官方文档上说这个模块是轻量级的，在游戏开发中也未必要使用。 * sprite翻译为精灵，在游戏动画一般是指一个独立运动的画面元素，在pygame中， 就可以是一个带有图像（Surface）和大小位置（Rect）的对象。 * pygame.sprite.Sprite是pygame精灵的基类，一般来说，需要写一个自己的精灵类继承一下它然后加入自己的代码。     class BaseItem(pygame.sprite.Sprite):     def __init__(self):         super().__init__()

4. 定义bullet类

 class Bullet(BaseItem):     # 参数初始化     def __init__(self, tank, window):         super().__init__()         self.direction = tank.direction         self.speed = tank.speed * 3         self.img = load_img( bullet )         self.rect = self.img.get_rect()         self.window = window         self.live = True         if self.direction == U:             self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2             self.rect.top = tank.rect.top - self.rect.height         elif self.direction == D:             self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2             self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.height         elif self.direction == L:             self.rect.left = tank.rect.left - self.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2             self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.height / 2 - self.rect.height / 2         else:             self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width             self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.height / 2 - self.rect.height / 2      # 子弹显示     def display_bullet(self):         self.window.blit(self.img, self.rect)      # 通过按键控制子弹移动     def bullet_move(self):         if self.direction == U:             if self.rect.top > 0:                 self.rect.top -= self.speed                 return         elif self.direction == D:             if self.rect.top < SCREEN_HEIGHT:                 self.rect.top += self.speed                 return         elif self.direction == L:             if self.rect.left > 0:                 self.rect.left -= self.speed                 return         else:             if self.rect.left < SCREEN_WIDTH:                 self.rect.left += self.speed                 return         self.live = False      # 我方坦克子弹击中对方坦克     def hit_enemy_tank(self):         for enemy in TankGame.enemy_tank_list:             hit = pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, enemy)             if hit:                 self.live = False                 if enemy.click_count == 1:                     enemy.live = False                     return None                 enemy.click_count -= 1                 if enemy.click_count == 2:                     enemy.load_image = enemy.img32                 if enemy.click_count == 1:                     enemy.load_image = enemy.img31                 load_music( hit )      # 对方坦克子弹击中我方坦克     def hit_my_tank(self, tank):         hit = pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, tank)         if hit:             self.live = False             tank.live = False      # 子弹击中围墙     def bullet_collide_wall(self):         for wall in TankGame.wall_list:             result = pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, wall)             if result:                 self.live = False                 if wall.count == 1:                     wall.live = False                 else:                     load_music( hit )      # 子弹击中子弹     def bullet_collide_bullet(self):         for bullet in TankGame.enemy_bullet_list:             if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(bullet, self):                 bullet.live = False                 self.live = False

5. 定义tank类

 class Tank(BaseItem):     # 参数初始化     def __init__(self, left, top, window, image, direction, speed):         super().__init__()         self.window = window         self.load_image = image         self.direction = direction         self.img = self.load_image[self.direction]         self.rect = self.img.get_rect()         self.rect.left = left         self.rect.top = top         self.speed = speed         self.tank_width = self.rect.width         self.tank_height = self.rect.height         self.wall_switch = False         self.move_stop = True         self.live = True         self.old_left = 0         self.old_top = 0      # 开火     def fire(self):         return Bullet(self, self.window)      # 显示     def display(self):         self.img = self.load_image[self.direction]         self.window.blit(self.img, self.rect)      def wall_not(self, direction):         if direction == U:             return self.rect.top > 0         elif direction == D:             return self.rect.top <= SCREEN_HEIGHT - self.tank_height         elif direction == L:             return self.rect.left > 0         else:             return self.rect.left <= SCREEN_WIDTH - self.tank_width      def wall_yes(self, direction):         if direction == U:             if self.rect.top < 0:                 self.rect.top = SCREEN_HEIGHT         elif direction == D:             self.rect.top %= SCREEN_HEIGHT         elif direction == L:             if self.rect.left < 0:                 self.rect.left = SCREEN_WIDTH         else:             self.rect.left %= SCREEN_WIDTH      def move(self, direction):         self.old_left = self.rect.left         self.old_top = self.rect.top         if self.wall_switch:             self.wall_yes(direction)         elif not self.wall_not(direction):             return None         if direction == U:             self.rect.top -= self.speed         elif direction == D:             self.rect.top += self.speed         elif direction == L:             self.rect.left -= self.speed         else:             self.rect.left += self.speed      def stay(self):         self.rect.left = self.old_left         self.rect.top = self.old_top      def tank_collide_wall(self):         for wall in TankGame.wall_list:             if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, wall):                 self.stay()      def tank_collide_tank(self):         for tank in TankGame.enemy_tank_list:             if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, tank):                 self.stay()

6. 定义我方 & 对方tank类

 class MyTank(Tank):     def __init__(self, left, top, window):         self.img = dict(U=load_img( p2tankU ), D=load_img( p2tankD ), L=load_img( p2tankL ), R=load_img( p2tankR ))         self.my_tank_speed = 4         super().__init__(left, top, window, self.img, U, self.my_tank_speed)   class EnemyTank(Tank):     def __init__(self, left, top, window):         self.img1 = dict(U=load_img( enemy1U ), D=load_img( enemy1D ), L=load_img( enemy1L ), R=load_img( enemy1R ))         self.img2 = dict(U=load_img( enemy2U ), D=load_img( enemy2D ), L=load_img( enemy2L ), R=load_img( enemy2R ))         self.img3 = dict(U=load_img( enemy3U ), D=load_img( enemy3D ), L=load_img( enemy3L ), R=load_img( enemy3R ))         self.img31 = dict(U=load_img( enemy3U_1 ), D=load_img( enemy3D_1 ), L=load_img( enemy3L_1 ),                           R=load_img( enemy3R_1 ))         self.img32 = dict(U=load_img( enemy3U_2 ), D=load_img( enemy3D_2 ), L=load_img( enemy3L_2 ),                           R=load_img( enemy3R_2 ))         # 不同的坦克击中的次数不一样         image, self.click_count, speed = random.choice([(self.img1, 1, 4), (self.img3, 3, 3), (self.img2, 1, 5)])         super().__init__(left, top, window, image, self.random_direction(), speed)         self.step = 100      @staticmethod     def random_direction():         n = random.randint(0, 3)         return DIRECTION[n]      def random_move(self):         if self.step == 0:             self.direction = self.random_direction()             self.step = random.randint(10, 100)         else:             self.move(self.direction)             self.step -= 1      def random_fire(self):         if random.randint(0, 50) == 1 and len(TankGame.enemy_bullet_list) < 30:             enemy_bullet = self.fire()             TankGame.enemy_bullet_list.append(enemy_bullet)

7. 爆炸动作类

 class Explode(BaseItem):     def __init__(self, tank, window):         super().__init__()         self.img = [load_img( blast0 ), load_img( blast1 ), load_img( blast2 ), load_img( blast3 ), load_img( blast4 ),                     load_img( blast5 ), load_img( blast6 )]         self.rect = tank.rect         self.stop = 0         self.window = window         self.rect.left = tank.rect.left - tank.rect.width / 2     def display_explode(self):         load_music( blast )         while self.stop < len(self.img):             self.window.blit(self.img[self.stop], self.rect)             self.stop += 1

8. 定义wall类

 class Wall(BaseItem):     def __init__(self, left, top, window):         super().__init__()         self.count = random.randint(0, 1)         self.img = [load_img( steels ), load_img( walls )][self.count]         self.rect = self.img.get_rect()         self.rect.left = left         self.rect.top = top         self.window = window         self.live = True      def display_wall(self):         self.window.blit(self.img, self.rect)

9. 定义坦克大战类

 class TankGame:     my_bullet_list = list()     enemy_bullet_list = list()     enemy_tank_list = list()     wall_list = list()      def __init__(self):         if not os.path.exists(Tank_IMAGE_POSITION):             os.makedirs(Tank_IMAGE_POSITION)         pygame.init()         pygame.font.init()         self.display = pygame.display         self.window = self.display.set_mode([SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT], pygame.RESIZABLE, 32)         self.display.set_caption( 坦克世界 )         self.my_tank = MyTank(MY_BIRTH_LEFT, MY_BIRTH_TOP, self.window)         self.creat_enemy_number = 10         self.my_tank_lift = 3         self.creat_enemy(self.creat_enemy_number)         self.creat_walls()         self.font = pygame.font.SysFont( kai_ti , 18)         self.number = 1      def creat_enemy(self, number):         for _ in range(number):             left = random.randint(0, SCREEN_WIDTH - self.my_tank.tank_width)             enemy_tank = EnemyTank(left, 20, self.window)             TankGame.enemy_tank_list.append(enemy_tank)      def creat_walls(self):         for i in range(SCREEN_WIDTH // 60 + 1):             wall_h = random.randint(100, 500)             w = Wall(60 * i, wall_h, self.window)             TankGame.wall_list.append(w)      @staticmethod     def show_walls():         for w in TankGame.wall_list:             if w.live:                 w.display_wall()             else:                 TankGame.wall_list.remove(w)      def start_game(self):         load_music( start )         while True:             self.window.fill([0, 0, 0])             self.get_event()             len_enemy = len(TankGame.enemy_tank_list)             self.window.blit(                 self.draw_text( 敌方坦克*{0},我方生命值*{1},当前{2}关 .format(len_enemy, self.my_tank_lift, self.number)), (10, 10))             if len_enemy == 0:                 self.creat_enemy_number += 10                 self.number += 1                 self.my_tank_lift += 1                 self.creat_enemy(self.creat_enemy_number)                 self.wall_list.clear()                 self.creat_walls()             self.show_my_tank()             self.show_enemy_tank()             self.show_bullet(TankGame.enemy_bullet_list)             self.show_bullet(TankGame.my_bullet_list)             self.show_walls()             self.display.update()             time.sleep(0.02)      def show_my_tank(self):         if self.my_tank.live:             self.my_tank.display()             self.my_tank.tank_collide_tank()             self.my_tank.tank_collide_wall()         else:             Explode(self.my_tank, self.window).display_explode()             del self.my_tank             if self.my_tank_lift == 0:                 self.end_game()             self.my_tank_lift -= 1             load_music( add )             self.my_tank = MyTank(MY_BIRTH_LEFT, MY_BIRTH_TOP, self.window)         if not self.my_tank.move_stop:             self.my_tank.move(self.my_tank.direction)      def show_enemy_tank(self):         for e in TankGame.enemy_tank_list:             e.random_move()             e.tank_collide_wall()             if e.live:                 e.display()             else:                 TankGame.enemy_tank_list.remove(e)                 Explode(e, self.window).display_explode()             e.random_fire()      def show_bullet(self, ls):         for b in ls:             b.bullet_move()             b.bullet_collide_wall()             if ls is TankGame.my_bullet_list:                 b.hit_enemy_tank()                 b.bullet_collide_bullet()             else:                 b.hit_my_tank(self.my_tank)             if b.live:                 b.display_bullet()             else:                 ls.remove(b)      def get_event(self):         global SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT         event_list = pygame.event.get()         for event in event_list:             if event.type == pygame.VIDEORESIZE:                 SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT = event.size                 self.window = self.display.set_mode([SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT], pygame.RESIZABLE, 32)              if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                 self.end_game()             if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:                 if event.key == pygame.K_w:                     self.my_tank.direction = U                 elif event.key == pygame.K_s:                     self.my_tank.direction = D                 elif event.key == pygame.K_a:                     self.my_tank.direction = L                 elif event.key == pygame.K_d:                     self.my_tank.direction = R                 else:                     return None                 self.my_tank.move_stop = False             elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:                 if len(TankGame.my_bullet_list) < 3:                     bullet = self.my_tank.fire()                     load_music( fire )                     TankGame.my_bullet_list.append(bullet)             elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:                 self.my_tank.move_stop = True      def end_game(self):         self.display.quit()         sys.exit()      def draw_text(self, content):         text_sf = self.font.render(content, True, [255, 0, 0])         return text_sf

10. 入口

 if __name__ ==  __main__ :     g = TankGame()     g.start_game()

执行界面

源代码获取连接：https://github.com/ml365/some-code/blob/master/tanke.py