面向对象程序设计-java语言第五周学习总结——城堡游戏(进阶)java全 洛的博客-

实现了隐形耦合，help输出内容与help的输出函数无关，使得新的命令加入的时候，help能自动输出新的内容。
添加了新元素：添加了简单的故事场景。
城堡游戏演示：

代码如下：

Game.java

城堡游戏的主函数

package castle; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Scanner; public class Game { private Room currentRoom; private HashMap<String, Handler> handlers = new HashMap<String, Handler>(); protected ArrayList<String> cmds = new ArrayList<String>(); public Game() { //     handlers.put("go", new HandlerGo());      handlers.put("bye", new HandlerBye(this));      handlers.put("help", new HandlerHelp(this));      handlers.put("go", new HandlerGo(this)); for (String cmd : handlers.keySet()) {       cmds.add(cmd); } createRooms(); } private void createRooms() {         Room outside, lobby, pub, study, bedroom, inside, bedroomup; // 制造房间                  outside = new Room("城堡外");         inside = new Room("城堡内");         lobby = new Room("大堂");         pub = new Room("小酒吧");         study = new Room("书房");         bedroom = new Room("卧室");         bedroomup = new Room("卧室二楼"); //        hoteldown = new Room("宾馆一楼"); //        hotelup = new Room("宾馆二楼"); // 设置房间故事         outside.setNarration("城堡外","恭喜你逃出了城堡");         inside.setNarration("城堡内", "你现在在城堡的一个恐怖黑暗的广场上");         lobby.setNarration("大堂", "你来到了城堡的大堂，大堂里面有着恐怖的石像");         pub.setNarration("小酒吧", "这是一间幽深的酒吧，傍边到处是黑色的酒瓶，还有这恐怖的音乐在播放着");         study.setNarration("书房", "这是城堡的书房，里面记载着这个城堡的过去");         bedroom.setNarration("卧室", "你来到了城堡主人的卧室，这里是最黑暗的地方，你的心跳跳的越来越快，快点离开这里吧！");         bedroomup.setNarration("卧室二楼", "恭喜你来到了城堡主人的卧室二楼，并且发现了一个箱子，你打开箱子后找到了钥匙，请拿着钥匙快速逃出城堡吧！"); // 初始化房间的出口         outside.setExit("south", inside);         inside.setExit("north", outside);         inside.setExit("east", lobby);         inside.setExit("south", study);         inside.setExit("west", pub);          lobby.setExit("west", inside);         pub.setExit("east", inside);         study.setExit("north", inside);         study.setExit("east", bedroom);         bedroom.setExit("west", study);         bedroom.setExit("up", bedroomup);         bedroomup.setExit("down", bedroom);                  currentRoom = inside; // 从城堡门外开始 } private void printWelcome() {         System.out.println();         System.out.println("欢迎来到城堡！");         System.out.println("这是一个超级无聊的游戏。任务：你需要在城堡内找到宝箱钥匙并带到城堡外去。");         System.out.println("如果需要帮助，请输入 'help' 。");         System.out.println(); showPrompt(); } // 以下为用户命令 public void goRoom(String direction) {         Room nextRoom = currentRoom.getExit(direction); if (nextRoom == null) {             System.out.println("那里没有门！"); } else {             currentRoom = nextRoom; showPrompt(); } } public void showPrompt() {    String currentnarration = currentRoom.getNarration(currentRoom.toString());    System.out.println("你在" + currentRoom + "n场景描述：" + currentnarration);          System.out.print("出口有: ");          System.out.print(currentRoom.getExitDesc());          System.out.println(); } public void play() {   Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); while ( true ) {     String line = in.nextLine();     String[] words = line.split(" ");     Handler handler = handlers.get(words[0]);     String value = ""; if ( words.length > 1)      value = words[1]; if ( handler != null) {      handler.doCmd(value); if ( handler.isBye()) { break; } } }   in.close(); } public static void main(String[] args) {   Game game = new Game();   game.printWelcome();   game.play();         System.out.println("感谢您的光临。再见！"); } } 

Room.java

城堡游戏中的房间模块

package castle; import java.util.HashMap; public class Room { private String description; private HashMap<String, Room> exits = new HashMap<String, Room>(); private HashMap<String, String> narration = new HashMap<String, String>(); public Room(String description) { this.description = description; } public void setExit(String dir, Room room) {      exits.put(dir, room); } public void setNarration(String room, String narr) {      narration.put(room, narr); } @Override public String toString() { return description; } public String getExitDesc() {      StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for (String dir : exits.keySet()) {       sb.append(dir);       sb.append(' '); } return sb.toString(); } public Room getExit(String direction) { return exits.get(direction); } public String getNarration(String direction) { return narration.get(direction); } } 

Handler.java

城堡游戏中的添加各种功能的父类模块

package castle; public class Handler { protected Game game; public Handler(Game game) { this.game = game; } public void doCmd(String word) {} public boolean isBye() {return false;} } 

HandlerBye.java

功能模块的子类实现结束功能

package castle; public class HandlerBye extends Handler{ public HandlerBye(Game game) { super(game); } @Override public boolean isBye() { return true; } } 

HandlerHelp.java

功能模块的子类实现帮助功能

package castle; public class HandlerHelp extends Handler { public HandlerHelp(Game game) { super(game); } @Override public void doCmd(String word) {   System.out.println("迷路了吗？你可以做的命令有：" + game.cmds);            System.out.println("如：tgo east"); } } 

HandlerGo.java

功能模块的子类实现go功能

package castle; public class HandlerGo extends Handler { public HandlerGo(Game game) { super(game); } @Override public void doCmd(String word) {   game.goRoom(word); } } 

学习心得：

• 消除代码复制

  • 提取出来，改为函数。

• 增加可扩展性

  • 可以运行的代码 != 良好的代码
  • 对代码做维护的时候最能看出代码的质量

• 用封装来降低耦合

• Sring每次都String做+时，都会产生新的对象，系统开销较大。

• StringBuffer是可以不断修改的对象。

  • StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
  • sb.append(“haha”);