GUI编程

1.简介

GUI的核心技术:

Swing

AWT(Abstract Window Toolkit)抽象窗口工具包

缺点:

1. 界面不美观

2. 需要jre环境

为什么我们要学习?

​ 了解MVC架构,了解监听

2.Awt组件和容器

2.1.Frame

​ 展示一个窗口

public class Test1 { public static void main(String[] args) { //Frame,JDK,看源码!         Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个JAVA图像界面窗口"); //需要设置可见性         frame.setVisible(true); //设置窗口大小         frame.setSize(400,400); //设置背景颜色         frame.setBackground(new Color(163, 63, 68)); //弹出的初始位置         frame.setLocation(500,500); //设置大小固定         frame.setResizable(false); } } 

问题:发现窗口关闭不掉
停止java程序

​

​ 展示多个窗口

public class test2{ public static void main(String[] args) { //展示多个窗口         Frame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(500,200,300,300,new Color(109,1, 8));         Frame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(800,200,300,300,new Color(109, 81, 47));         Frame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(500,500,300,300,new Color(43, 87, 109));         Frame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(800,500,300,300,new Color(18, 109, 19)); } } class MyFrame extends Frame{ //可能存在多个窗口,我们需要一个计数器 static int id = 0; public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){ //调用父类Frame的构造函数 super("MyFrame"+(++id)); setBackground(color); setBounds(x,y,w,h); setVisible(true); } } 

2.2.Panel

​ 在这里同时解决了窗口关闭的问题

public class TestPanel { public static void main(String[] args) {         Frame frame = new Frame(); //Panel可以看成一个空间,但是不能单独存在,必须添加到容器中         Panel panel = new Panel(); //设置布局,不设置Frame会置顶         frame.setLayout(null);          frame.setBounds(200,200,200,200);         frame.setBackground(new Color(62, 163, 171));         frame.setVisible(true);          panel.setBounds(100,100,100,100);         panel.setBackground(new Color(103, 188, 47));          frame.add(panel); //监听事件,监听窗口关闭时间 System.exit(0) //适配器模式 不直接new WindowListener(){},直接new它的实现类 可以避免需要实现其所有办法         frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override//窗口点击关闭时,需要做的事情 public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {                 System.exit(0); } }); } } 

2.3.布局管理器

• 流式布局

  public class TestFlowLayout { public static void main(String[] args) {         Frame frame = new Frame();          frame.setBounds(300,300,300,300);         frame.setBackground(new Color(22, 173, 134));         frame.setVisible(true); //组件-按钮         Button button1 = new Button("button1");         Button button2 = new Button("button2");         Button button3 = new Button("button3"); //添加按钮         frame.add(button1);         frame.add(button2);         frame.add(button3); //设置为流式布局,不添加参数默认为FlowLayout.CENTER         frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT)); } } 

• 东西南北中

  public class TestBorderLayout { public static void main(String[] args) {         Frame frame = new Frame();          frame.setBounds(300,300,300,300);         frame.setBackground(new Color(60, 121, 173));         frame.setVisible(true);          Button east = new Button("east");         Button west = new Button("west");         Button south = new Button("south");         Button north = new Button("north");         Button center = new Button("center");          frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);         frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);         frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);         frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);         frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER); } } 

• 表格布局

  public class TestGridLayout { public static void main(String[] args) {         Frame frame = new Frame();          frame.setBounds(200,200,200,200);         frame.setVisible(true);          Button button1 = new Button("button1");         Button button2 = new Button("button2");         Button button3 = new Button("button3");         Button button4 = new Button("button4");         Button button5 = new Button("button5");         Button button6 = new Button("button6");          frame.add(button1);         frame.add(button2);         frame.add(button3);         frame.add(button4);         frame.add(button5);         frame.add(button6); //第一个参数rows为行,第二个参数cols为列         frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2)); } } 

2.4布局练习

如何得到一个这样的图?

答案:

public class Test01 { public static void main(String[] args) {          Frame frame = new Frame();         frame.setBounds(500,200,300,200);         frame.setBackground(new Color(109, 81, 47));         frame.setVisible(true); //整体布局为两行一列的表格         frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1)); //上面         Panel panel = new Panel(new BorderLayout());         Panel pane2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));          panel.add(new Button("West-01"),BorderLayout.WEST);         panel.add(new Button("east-01"),BorderLayout.EAST);         pane2.add(new Button("north-01"));         pane2.add(new Button("north-02")); //将面板二添加到面板一的CENTER中         panel.add(pane2,BorderLayout.CENTER); //下面         Panel pane3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());         Panel pane4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));          pane3.add(new Button("west-02"),BorderLayout.WEST);         pane3.add(new Button("east-02"),BorderLayout.EAST); for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {             pane4.add(new Button("north-"+i)); } //将面板四添加到面板三的CENTER中         pane3.add(pane4,BorderLayout.CENTER); //将面板一和面板三添加到窗口中         frame.add(panel);         frame.add(pane3); } }